Condition
Growth Hormone Deficiency
Growth hormone deficiency occurs when the pituitary gland makes too little growth hormone, which drives growth in children and helps adults maintain muscle, bone and metabolism. The strongest evidence is for macimorelin, an oral test that trials found identified adult cases with accuracy comparable to the standard insulin tolerance test. CJC-1295 raised growth hormone levels in healthy adults, but that evidence is moderate and measured hormone levels rather than patient outcomes.
Sources: PMID 29860473; PMID 16352683
- Updated
- How we grade
- 31 studies cited
- Supplements studied
- 0
- Medicines and peptides
- 2
- Graded outcomes
- 7
No supplement studies yetWe haven’t found supplement studies for Growth Hormone Deficiency. The medicines and peptides studied for it are listed below.
Prescription medicines and peptides studied, for context
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnostic Safety No hypoglycemia risk unlike ITT. Well-tolerated single oral dose. Contraindicated only with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. Can be used in patients where ITT is contraindicated (elderly, cardiovascular disease, seizure history). | Improves (the measure goes up) | Large effect | 12 studies | |||
Studies that measured diagnostic safety
| ||||||
| GH Deficiency Diagnosis Phase 3: 82-87% sensitivity, 92-96% specificity for AGHD diagnosis. Optimal GH cutoff 2.7-5.1 ng/mL. Accuracy comparable to insulin tolerance test (ITT). First FDA-approved oral GH stimulation test. | Improves (the measure goes up) | Large effect | 11 studies | |||
Studies that measured gh deficiency diagnosis
| ||||||
| GH Stimulation Response Robust GH release in healthy subjects. Peak response at 30-90 minutes. Reproducible test with low inter- and intra-individual variability. Blunted response (<5.1 ng/mL) indicates GH deficiency. | Improves (the measure goes up) | Large effect | 10 studies | |||
Studies that measured gh stimulation response
| ||||||
Key findings
- Diagnostic SafetyImproves (the measure goes up)
- GH Deficiency DiagnosisImproves (the measure goes up)
- GH Stimulation ResponseImproves (the measure goes up)
Safety notes in the studies
- No hypoglycemia risk unlike ITT.
Studies cited
31 studies from PubMed
- Pilot clinical trial of macimorelin to assess safety and efficacy in patients with cancer cachexia
- Macimorelin Acetate for the Diagnosis of Childhood-onset Growth Hormone Deficiency
- Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Macimorelin in Children with Suspected Growth Hormone Deficiency: An Open-Label, Group Comparison, Dose-Escalation Trial
- Thorough QT/QTc Study Evaluating the Effect of Macimorelin on Cardiac Safety Parameters in Healthy Participants
- Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of macimorelin in healthy adults: Results of a single-dose, randomized controlled study
- Sensitivity and specificity of the macimorelin test for diagnosis of AGHD
- Macimorelin as a Diagnostic Test for Adult GH Deficiency
- Macimorelin (AEZS-130)-Stimulated Growth Hormone (GH) Test: Validation of a Novel Oral Stimulation Test for the Diagnosis of Adult GH Deficiency
- Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects
- Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse
- Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults
- Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog
- Clinical interventions with various agents to prevent early childhood caries: A systematic review with network meta-analysis.
- Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment.
- Screening and Interventions to Prevent Dental Caries in Children Younger Than 5 Years: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
- Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries.
- Comparative study of Kefir yogurt-drink and sodium fluoride mouth rinse on salivary mutans streptococci
- Effects of probiotics on salivary Streptecoccus mutans and Lactobacillus levels in orthodontic patients
- The effect of systemic zinc supplementation on oral health in low socioeconomic level children
- Open-labeled pilot study of cysteine-rich whey protein isolate supplementation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients
- Long-term (>=2 yr) efficacy of vitamin E for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Plasma transforming growth factor-beta1 level and efficacy of alpha-tocopherol in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a pilot study
- Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- A clinical investigation to evaluate reduction in dental stain provided by the once-daily use of a breath mint or chewing gum
- Effects of a Baking Soda Gum on extrinsic dental stain: results of a longitudinal 4-week assessment
- Efficacy of baking soda-containing chewing gum in removing natural tooth stain
- Effects of passiflora incarnata and midazolam for control of anxiety in patients undergoing dental extraction.
- Herbal medicines as anxiolytics prior to third molar surgical extraction. A randomized controlled clinical trial.
- Plasma insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, and melatonin in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients treated with melatonin
- Effect of a sugar-free chewing gum containing magnolia bark extract on different variables related to caries and gingivitis: a randomized controlled intervention trial
- Betaine, a promising new agent for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results of a pilot study