Peptide
Glucagon (GlucaGen/Gvoke/Baqsimi)
Glucagon is a 29-amino acid peptide hormone. FDA-approved in 1998 for severe hypoglycemia emergency treatment. Phase 3 trials show 99-100% treatment success. Median time to glucose recovery 10-13 minutes. Available as injectable kit, autoinjector (Gvoke), and nasal powder (Baqsimi). Approved for ages ≥2 years (injectable) and ≥4 years (nasal).
- Updated
- How we grade
- 35 studies cited
Research notice. This page is for education and research. Peptides may not be FDA-approved for human use and may only be legally available for research. Talk to a qualified clinician before considering any peptide.
- Best evidence
- Grade A
- Conditions studied
- 1
- Outcomes
- 10
- Graded outcomes
- 4132
Evidence by condition
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
General
Key findings
- Glucose RecoveryImproves (the measure goes up)
- Time to RecoveryImproves (the measure goes down)
- Symptom ReliefChanges; see studies
Studies cited
35 studies from PubMed
- Shared mechanistic pathways of glucagon signalling: Unlocking its potential for treating obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and other cardio-kidney-metabolic conditions.
- Glucagon in metabolic disease: a mini-review of emerging multi-organ roles beyond glycemic control.
- Low-Dose Glucagon to Prevent and Treat Exercise-Associated Hypoglycemia in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- Variable glucagon metabolic actions in diverse mouse models of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
- A physiologic increase in brain glucagon action alters the hepatic gluconeogenic/glycogenolytic ratio but not glucagon's overall effect on glucose production.
- Comparison of a ready-to-use liquid glucagon injection administered by autoinjector to glucagon emergency kit for the symptomatic relief of severe hypoglycemia: two randomized crossover non-inferiority studies
- Dasiglucagon Effectively Mitigates Postbariatric Postprandial Hypoglycemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial
- Regulation of Hepatic Lipid and Glucose Metabolism by INSP3R1.
- Glucagon receptor antagonism impairs and glucagon receptor agonism enhances triglycerides metabolism in mice.
- Glucagon, cyclic AMP, and hepatic glucose mobilization: A half-century of uncertainty.
- The Liver-α-Cell Axis in Health and in Disease.
- Glucagon receptor signaling regulates weight loss via central KLB receptor complexes.
- Efficacy and Usability of Intranasal Glucagon for the Management of Hypoglycemia in Patients With Diabetes: A Systematic Review
- Glucagon Resistance at the Level of Amino Acid Turnover in Obese Subjects With Hepatic Steatosis.
- The kinetics of glucagon action on the liver during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
- Hepatic Glucagon Signaling Regulates PCSK9 and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol.
- The Liver-α-Cell Axis and Type 2 Diabetes.
- Human Factors Usability and Validation Studies of a Glucagon Autoinjector in a Simulated Severe Hypoglycemia Rescue Situation.
- Glucagon nasal powder (Baqsimi) for severe hypoglycemia.
- Insulin Secretion Depends on Intra-islet Glucagon Signaling.
- Hemodynamic Effects of Glucagon: A Literature Review.
- Glucagon's effect on liver protein metabolism in vivo.
- THE ROLE OF GLUCAGON IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES.
- Comparative Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Study of Liquid Stable Glucagon Versus Lyophilized Glucagon in Type 1 Diabetes Subjects.
- In vitro and in vivo evaluation of native glucagon and glucagon analog (MAR-D28) during aging: lack of cytotoxicity and preservation of hyperglycemic effect.
- Glucagon: the effects of its excess and deficiency on insulin action.
- Glucagon as a target for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
- Secretin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, parathyroid hormone, and related peptides in the regulation of the hypothalamus- pituitary-adrenal axis.
- A review of potential cardiovascular uses of intravenous glucagon administration.
- The role of glucagon in the regulation of plasma lipids.
- Glucagon and diabetes: a reappraisal.
- Glucagon and the pancreas, liver and bile ducts.
- Radioimmunoassay of glucagon.
- [Glucagon (literature review)].
- Glucagon--a review.