Condition
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions in which the optic nerve is damaged, usually because pressure inside the eye is too high, and lost vision cannot be regained. Citicoline has the strongest evidence, rated moderate, and one small study of 60 people found better visual acuity; omega-3s are limited. That rests on one small study, and ginkgo, coenzyme Q10 and others have only limited research.
Sources: PMID 18929133
- Supplements studied
- 4
- Graded outcomes
- 4
- Trials
- 4
- People studied
- 168
Evidence by supplement
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood Pressure Small Improvement | Improves (the measure goes down) | Small effect | 10 studies | 60 people | ||
Studies that measured blood pressure
| ||||||
| Intraocular Pressure | Improves (the measure goes up) | 60 people | ||||
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood Pressure Mixed effect | 1 study | 18 people | ||||
Studies that measured blood pressure | ||||||
| Heart Rate | Improves (the measure goes down) | 4 studies | 18 people | |||
| Intraocular Pressure | Improves (the measure goes up) | 2 studies | 18 people | |||
CDP-Choline
- Visual acuity (VA): improves
- Intraocular Pressure
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visual acuity (VA) Small Improvement | Improves (the measure goes up) | Small effect | 1 study | 60 people | ||
Studies that measured visual acuity (va) | ||||||
| Intraocular Pressure No effect on intraocular pressure | NoneNo effect | 60 people | ||||
Ginkgo Biloba
- Ocular Blood Flow: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ocular Blood Flow | Improves (the measure goes up) | 1 study | 30 people | |||
Studies that measured ocular blood flow | ||||||
Key findings
- Blood PressureImproves (the measure goes down)
- Visual acuity (VA)Improves (the measure goes up)
- Intraocular Pressure
The Glaucoma Supportive Care protocol
2 primary supplements · 7 supporting supplements
- Citicoline (CDP-Choline)500–1,000 mg daily
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids2–3 g EPA+DHA daily
Studies cited
19 studies from PubMed
- Short-term effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on peripapillary retinal blood flow in normal tension glaucoma
- The short-term effect of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate on retinal vessel diameter in glaucoma patients and age-matched controls
- Postprandial effects of dark chocolate on portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis: results of a phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
- Effect of cocoa products on blood pressure: systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Dark chocolate for children's blood pressure: randomised trial
- Dark chocolate or tomato extract for prehypertension: a randomised controlled trial
- Effect of cocoa on blood pressure
- Effect of dark chocolate on nitric oxide serum levels and blood pressure in prehypertension subjects
- Blood pressure and endothelial function in healthy, pregnant women after acute and daily consumption of flavanol-rich chocolate: a pilot, randomized controlled trial
- Characterisation of hypertensive patients with improved endothelial function after dark chocolate consumption
- Safety and efficacy of cocoa flavanol intake in healthy adults: a randomized, controlled, double-masked trial
- Evidence of the neuroprotective role of citicoline in glaucoma patients
- Marijuana smoking and reduced pressure in human eyes: drug action or epiphenomenon?
- Effect of sublingual application of cannabinoids on intraocular pressure: a pilot study
- Middle cerebral artery velocity during upright posture after marijuana smoking
- The effects of smoking marihuana on physical performance
- Regional cerebral blood flow after marijuana smoking
- Effect of marihuana on intraocular and blood pressure in glaucoma
- Effects of acute marijuana smoking on pulse rate and mood states in women