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Condition

Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a condition in which the pituitary gland releases too little LH and FSH, so the testes or ovaries make too little sex hormone. Research has focused on gonadorelin, a diagnostic test rather than a supplement, and the evidence is strong that it shows how the pituitary responds by measuring LH and FSH. Before puberty it could not separate this condition from constitutionally delayed puberty, but afterward it was useful.

Sources: PMID 15554892

Supplements studied
0
Medicines and peptides
1
Graded outcomes
4
No supplement studies yetWe haven’t found supplement studies for Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. The medicines and peptides studied for it are listed below.

Prescription medicines and peptides studied, for context

These are not supplements. Most need a prescription, and some are research compounds with no approved use.

1 medicine or peptide

Gonadorelin (Factrel): outcomes studied for Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
GradeOutcomeEffectSizeStudiesPeopleStudies list
Puberty Induction

Pulsatile GnRH induces physiological puberty in HH. Advantages over testosterone: stimulates testicular growth and fertility while achieving virilization.

Improves (the measure goes up)Large effect82 studies
Diagnostic Accuracy

GnRH stimulation test evaluates HPG axis. Measures LH/FSH response to bolus. Cannot distinguish CDP from IHH prepubertally, but useful post-pubertally.

Improves (the measure goes up)Moderate effect81 studies
Spermatogenesis Induction

Pulsatile GnRH achieves spermatogenesis in 85% (58/68) of HH males. Median time 6 months with pump vs 14 months with gonadotropin therapy (p=0.01).

Improves (the measure goes up)Large effect81 studies
Testicular Growth

100% of HH males treated with pulsatile GnRH achieve testicular growth and virilization. Physiological approach preserving fertility.

Improves (the measure goes up)Large effect81 studies

Key findings

  • Puberty InductionGonadorelin (Factrel)Improves (the measure goes up)
  • Diagnostic AccuracyGonadorelin (Factrel)Improves (the measure goes up)
  • Spermatogenesis InductionGonadorelin (Factrel)Improves (the measure goes up)

Shop the evidence-backed picks

Support alongside medical care. These supplements are not a treatment for Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. If you are being treated for it, talk to your clinician before adding one: supplements can interact with medicines.

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Studies cited

82 studies from PubMed

  1. Gonadotropin Treatment for the Male Hypogonadotropic HypogonadismJ Clin Med, 2020 · PMID 32445446
  2. Role of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Stimulation Test in Diagnosing Gonadotropin Deficiency in Both Males and Females with Delayed PubertyJ Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 2015 · PMID 26365959
  3. [Micropump infusion of gonadorelin in the treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in patients with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: cases analysis and literature review].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences, 2014 · PMID 25131486
  4. Application of gonadotropin releasing hormone in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--diagnostic and therapeutic aspectsHorm Res, 1988 · PMID 15554892
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  20. The clinical and biochemical effects of vitamin C supplementation in short-stay hospitalized geriatric patientsInt J Vitam Nutr Res · PMID 6376396
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  22. Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and salivary IgA changes following an ultramarathonEur J Appl Physiol · PMID 12627313
  23. Vitamin C supplementation and salivary immune function following exercise-heat stressInt J Sports Physiol Perform · PMID 19223675
  24. The effect of 2 weeks vitamin C supplementation on immunoendocrine responses to 2.5 h cycling exercise in manEur J Appl Physiol · PMID 16685547
  25. Effect of vitamin C supplementation on lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and inflammation after 30-min exercise at 75% VO2maxJ Sports Med Phys Fitness · PMID 18427418
  26. Double-blinded randomized controlled trial for immunomodulatory effects of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) leaf extract on healthy volunteersJ Ethnopharmacol · PMID 21619917
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  28. L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responsesBiol Psychol · PMID 16930802
  29. Enhancement of natural killer cell activity in healthy subjects by Immulina®, a Spirulina extract enriched for Braun-type lipoproteinsPlanta Med · PMID 20560112
  30. The effects of Spirulina on anemia and immune function in senior citizensCell Mol Immunol · PMID 21278762
  31. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 polymorphism interaction with spirulina immunomodulatory effects in healthy Korean elderly: A 16 week, double-blind randomized clinical trialNutr Res Pract · PMID 28765775
  32. Spirulina maxima improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and total antioxidant status in obese patients with well-treated hypertension: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled studyEur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci · PMID 28617537
  33. Effects of saffron on homocysteine, and antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized double-blind clinical trialAvicenna J Phytomed · PMID 31516857
  34. Immunomodulatory effects of saffron: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trialPhytother Res · PMID 21480412
  35. Rose hip inhibits chemotaxis and chemiluminescence of human peripheral blood neutrophils in vitro and reduces certain inflammatory parameters in vivoInflammopharmacology · PMID 17657440
  36. Effect of Ganoderma lucidum capsules on T lymphocyte subsets in football players on "living high-training low"Br J Sports Med · PMID 18048435
  37. Ganoderma lucidum suppresses endothelial cell cytotoxicity and proteinuria in persistent proteinuric focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) nephrosisClin Hemorheol Microcirc · PMID 15567896
  38. Safety and tolerability of Ganoderma lucidum in healthy subjects: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trialAm J Chin Med · PMID 17597499
  39. Monitoring of immune responses to a herbal immuno-modulator in patients with advanced colorectal cancerInt Immunopharmacol · PMID 16428086
  40. Thermotolerance and heat acclimation may share a common mechanism in humansAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol · PMID 21613575
  41. Anti-inflammatory and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseJ Ginseng Res · PMID 27616896
  42. New developments in the treatment of COPD: comparing the effects of inhaled corticosteroids and N-acetylcysteineJ Physiol Pharmacol · PMID 16204787
  43. Daily probiotic's (Lactobacillus casei Shirota) reduction of infection incidence in athletesInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab · PMID 21411836
  44. Iodine intakes of 100-300 μg/d do not modify thyroid function and have modest anti-inflammatory effectsBr J Nutr · PMID 21262066
  45. The effect of hesperidin supplementation on inflammatory markers in human adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Chem Biol Interact · PMID 30991044
  46. Orange juice and its major polyphenol hesperidin consumption do not induce immunomodulation in healthy well-nourished humansClin Nutr · PMID 23602614
  47. Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathioneEur J Nutr · PMID 24791752
  48. Dietary supplementation with gamma-linolenic acid or fish oil decreases T lymphocyte proliferation in healthy older humansJ Nutr · PMID 11435508
  49. The synergistic effects of ω-3 fatty acids and nano-curcumin supplementation on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene expression and serum level in migraine patientsImmunogenetics · PMID 28478481
  50. Limited effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on T-lymphocyte and natural killer cell numbers and functions in healthy young malesNutrition · PMID 16600816
  51. The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid-fortified food on inflammatory markers in healthy subjects--A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studyJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol · PMID 17087052
  52. Fish oil supplementation augments post-exercise immune function in young malesBrain Behav Immun · PMID 22902522
  53. Effects of fish oil on the neuro-endocrine responses to an endotoxin challenge in healthy volunteersClin Nutr · PMID 17055120
  54. Supplementation with omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and all-rac alpha-tocopherol alone and in combination failed to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in human volunteersMetabolism · PMID 14767877
  55. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves vascular function and reduces inflammation in obese adolescentsAtherosclerosis · PMID 20727522
  56. The effect of low-dose marine n-3 fatty acids on the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase pathway metabolites in overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trialProstaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids · PMID 22748976
  57. Flow-cytometric studies with eleutherococcus senticosus extract as an immunomodulatory agentArzneimittelforschung · PMID 2963645
  58. The influence of active components of Eleutherococcus senticosus on cellular defence and physical fitness in manPhytother Res · PMID 10641044
  59. Echinacea purpurea and mucosal immunityInt J Sports Med · PMID 17436202
  60. Docosahexaenoic acid ingestion inhibits natural killer cell activity and production of inflammatory mediators in young healthy menLipids · PMID 10443964
  61. Effects of creatine supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers after repeated-sprint exercise in humansNutrition · PMID 23800565
  62. A high intake of trans fatty acids has little effect on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in humansJ Nutr · PMID 21753062
  63. Conjugated linoleic acid increased C-reactive protein in human subjectsBr J Nutr · PMID 16277783
  64. Lack of prophylactic efficacy of an enteric-coated bovine hyperimmune milk product against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge administered during a standard mealJ Infect Dis · PMID 10558970
  65. A novel extract from bovine colostrum whey supports innate immune functions. II. Rapid changes in cellular immune function in humansPrev Med · PMID 22285946
  66. Effect of a mixture of micronutrients, but not of bovine colostrum concentrate, on immune function parameters in healthy volunteers: a randomized placebo-controlled studyNutr J · PMID 17118191
  67. Modulation of human humoral immune response through orally administered bovine colostrumFEMS Immunol Med Microbiol · PMID 11549415
  68. Effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on respiratory tract mucosal defenses in swimmersInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab · PMID 20601740
  69. The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on salivary IgA in distance runnersInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab · PMID 16676703
  70. Mediterranean Diet Supplemented With Coenzyme Q10 Modifies the Expression of Proinflammatory and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Genes in Elderly Men and WomenJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · PMID 22016358
  71. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A secretion increases after 4-weeks ingestion of chlorella-derived multicomponent supplement in humans: a randomized cross over studyNutr J · PMID 21906314
  72. Safety and immunoenhancing effect of a Chlorella-derived dietary supplement in healthy adults undergoing influenza vaccination: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialCMAJ · PMID 12874157
  73. Enhanced DNA repair, immune function and reduced toxicity of C-MED-100, a novel aqueous extract from Uncaria tomentosaJ Ethnopharmacol · PMID 10687868
  74. Effects of carnitine supplementation on flow-mediated dilation and vascular inflammatory responses to a high-fat meal in healthy young adultsAm J Cardiol · PMID 18993165
  75. Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokinesJ Trace Elem Med Biol · PMID 21129941
  76. The adjuvant use of calcium fructoborate and borax with etanercept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Pilot studyJ Intercult Ethnopharmacol · PMID 28163961
  77. The effect of Echinacea purpurea, Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza glabra on CD25 expression in humans: a pilot studyPhytother Res · PMID 17661330
  78. Astaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune response in humansNutr Metab · PMID 20205737
  79. Effect of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Salivary IgA, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Young Soccer PlayersEvid Based Complement Alternat Med · PMID 26167194
  80. Safety of an astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis algal extract: a randomized clinical trialJ Med Food · PMID 12804020
  81. In vivo effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on the activation of lymphocytesJ Altern Complement Med · PMID 19388865
  82. Dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid, but not with other long-chain n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreases natural killer cell activity in healthy subjects aged >55 yAm J Clin Nutr · PMID 11237929