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Brassinosteroids

Brassinosteroids are steroid-like hormones made by plants, where they help control growth, and researchers have studied them for possible effects in animals. The best-supported finding is for muscle: in rats, a brassinosteroid called 28-homobrassinolide increased muscle protein synthesis and improved lean body mass, without touching androgen-sensitive tissues. Still, the evidence is very limited, coming mostly from animal and lab studies, with no human trials behind it.

Best evidence
Grade D
Conditions studied
2
Outcomes
4
Graded outcomes
0004

Evidence by condition

  • Strong
  • Moderate
  • Limited
  • Very limited

2 conditions, plus general outcomes

Antioxidant Status: outcomes studied for Brassinosteroids
GradeOutcomeEffectSizeStudiesPeopleStudies list
Antioxidant Status

Brassinosteroids show moderate antioxidant capacity in cell-free and cell culture systems. Plant studies confirm brassinosteroids reinforce antioxidant defenses under stress conditions, but no human or mammalian in vivo antioxidant data exists.

Improves (the measure goes up)Small effect3 studies
Body Composition: outcomes studied for Brassinosteroids
GradeOutcomeEffectSizeStudiesPeopleStudies list
Muscle Protein Synthesis

In a rat study, oral 28-homobrassinolide (20 mg/kg) increased skeletal muscle protein synthesis by approximately 15% and improved lean body mass without affecting androgenic tissues, acting via the PI3K/Akt pathway rather than the androgen receptor. A 2023 multi-level comparative analysis confirmed biological activity of 28-homobrassinolide across multiple endpoints.

Improves (the measure goes up)Moderate effect1 study

Studies that measured muscle protein synthesis

General

General: outcomes studied for Brassinosteroids
GradeOutcomeEffectSizeStudiesPeopleStudies list
Cancer Cell Proliferation

In vitro studies show brassinosteroids inhibit proliferation of multiple human cancer cell lines including breast (MCF-7), prostate (LNCaP), and colon cancer cells. 28-Homobrassinolide induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with minimal toxicity to normal cells. No human data exists.

Changes; see studiesModerate effect1 study

Studies that measured cancer cell proliferation

Antiviral Activity

In cell culture studies, certain brassinosteroids demonstrated antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), measles virus, and arenaviruses. No animal or human studies have confirmed these effects in vivo.

Improves (the measure goes up)Small effect1 study

Studies that measured antiviral activity

Key findings

  • Antioxidant StatusAntioxidant StatusImproves (the measure goes up)
  • Muscle Protein SynthesisBody CompositionImproves (the measure goes up)
  • Cancer Cell ProliferationChanges; see studies

Safety notes in the studies

  • 28-Homobrassinolide induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with minimal toxicity to normal cells.

Studies cited

4 studies from PubMed

  1. Assessment of Biological Activity of 28-Homobrassinolide via a Multi-Level Comparative AnalysisInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023 · PMID 37298328
  2. Seed priming with brassinolides improves growth and reinforces antioxidative defenses under normal and heat stress conditions in seedlings of Brassica junceaPhysiologia Plantarum, 2022 · PMID 36326060
  3. Effect of the structure of the brassinosteroid side chain on monooxygenase activity of liver microsomesPrikladnaia Biokhimiia i Mikrobiologiia, 2010 · PMID 20198913
  4. Recent developments in the field of plant steroid hormonesLipids, 1997 · PMID 9438241