Condition
Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening emergency in which the body's response to an infection triggers widespread inflammation and organ damage. Among supplements, thymosin alpha-1 has the most support, and studies found that deaths within 28 days went down. That evidence is moderate, drawn from three studies of 890 people, and the only other survival finding, for LL-37, came from mouse models, so human evidence remains thin.
Sources: PMID 25532482; PMID 30063866
- Supplements studied
- 2
- Medicines and peptides
- 2
- Graded outcomes
- 6
- Trials
- 1
- People studied
- 57
Evidence by supplement
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilirubin No effect | NoneNo effect | 57 people | ||||
| Macrophage Activity | Improves (the measure goes up) | 57 people |
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilirubin No effect | NoneNo effect | 57 people | ||||
| Macrophage Activity | Improves (the measure goes up) | 1 study | 57 people | |||
Studies that measured macrophage activity | ||||||
Prescription medicines and peptides studied, for context
Thymosin Alpha-1
- HLA-DR Expression: improves
- 28-Day Mortality
- Secondary Infection Rate: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HLA-DR Expression Moderate Restoration | Improves (the measure goes up) | Moderate effect | 5 studies | 340 people | ||
| 28-Day Mortality Mixed effect | 3 studies | |||||
| Secondary Infection Rate Moderate Reduction | Improves (the measure goes down) | Moderate effect | 4 studies | 280 people |
LL-37
- Survival Rate: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival Rate Improved survival in sepsis models | Improves (the measure goes up) | Moderate effect | 4 studies | 90 people |
Key findings
- Bilirubin
The Sepsis Recovery Nutritional Support protocol
2 primary supplements · 7 supporting supplements
Studies cited
12 studies from PubMed
- The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial.
- Cathelicidin LL-37 in periodontitis: current research advances and future prospects - A review.
- The efficacy of thymosin alpha-1 therapy in moderate to critical COVID-19 patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.
- Therapeutic Potential of Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37, an Antimicrobial Agent, in a Murine Sepsis Model
- Thymosin alpha 1 treatment for patients with sepsis
- Immune Modulation with Thymosin Alpha 1 Treatment
- Historical review of thymosin α 1 in infectious diseases.
- Thymosin alpha1 based immunomodulatory therapy for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Thymosin α1 and cancer: action on immune effector and tumor target cells
- Effect of antibacterial cathelicidin peptide CAP18/LL-37 on sepsis in neonatal rats
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